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BALLOT RECOMMENDATIONS San Diego Jewish World endorsement

Barack Obama for President

SAN DIEGO—Two sets of concerns in particular motivate this Jewish publication when it comes to making endorsements in federal races, whether they be for executive or congressional office.  These are the issues of Israel and of American multiculturalism.  In a sense, the two topics are related, in that both concern the survival of the Jewish people as a people.

Israel is our gateway question. If a candidate does not support Israel, or is indeed hostile to it, then we cannot support that candidate, no matter how much we agree with the candidate’s positions on respecting and preserving cultural and religious diversity in America.  On the other hand, if the candidate is indeed supportive of Israel, we next examine his or her stands on American diversity.

In the current election for President, we are convinced that both John McCain and Barack Obama have been friends of Israel and would continue to be so as America’s chief executive.  McCain and his running mate Sarah Palin are more vociferous in their support for Israel in the face of Iran’s threats— declaring in debates, for example, that there cannot be a second Holocaust. However, Obama and his running mate Joe Biden have in a quieter fashion pledged support for Israel and, like McCain, possess U.S. Senate voting records proving they have been true to their word in the past.

Although there has been a concerted effort by some members of our community to spread doubt about Obama’s reliability and intentions, most of them boil down to guilt-by-association allegations that simply do not square with Obama’s voting record, nor with the testimonials of other senators and political figures whose friendship for Israel goes unquestioned. 

With both Obama and McCain able to pass through the pro-Israel gateway, we turn next to a consideration of how committed either of them would be to the preservation of cultural diversity within the United States.

Both tickets have shown admirable movement toward the ideal of diversity with voters offered the historic choice of picking, in Obama, the first African-American U.S. President, or in Palin, the first woman vice president.  We welcome the politics of inclusion and are delighted that both parties are committed to eliminating electoral barriers based on either race or gender.

We are troubled by McCain’s comment that America is a “Christian country,” and by his support for politically conservative judges such as Chief Justice John Roberts and Associate Samuel Alito.  The court now seems to be divided 4-4 between liberals and conservatives with the swing vote on social issues typically provided by Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy.  With Associate Justice John Paul Stevens now 88, his retirement appears likely, meaning the next president probably will get to appoint his successor.  And Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, another of the more progressive judges, is the second oldest member of the court at age 75.   Without Stevens and Ginsburg, we’re concerned lest the High Court move even closer towards the doctrines of the Christian Right against such issues as abortion rights and the doctrine of separation of church and state. So we see cultural and religious diversity possibly contracting under a McCain-Palin administration.

On the other hand, we believe that under Obama and Biden cultural and religious diversity will expand.  In Obama we see a man born of a Black father from Kenya and a White mother from the United States, who has sought throughout his life to bring the separate worlds of his parents into greater harmony.  Absolutely a brilliant person—as he proved when he was elected as the first Black president of the Harvard Law Review—Obama has and will continue to re-inspire Americans toward the ideals of justice and equality so needed in a diverse, multicultural society. He will seek to reconcile peoples of different persuasions rather than to exploit their divisions.  At the same time, we believe, Obama will once again symbolize to the world the promise and the hopes of the American political system. 

We urge the election of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States of America.

—Donald H. Harrison


Care to comment on this issue? Please send your letter to editor@sandiegojewishworld.com





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LETTERS TO THE EDITOR


Readers offer their views on election

—78th Assembly District

Editor, San Diego Jewish World:

I agree with you that Marty (Block) is a fine individual who has worked hard and long.

On the other hand, you should be aware that his TV commercials are actually dangerous demagoguery: The only defense that public pension funds have of their ability to meet promises is their prudent investments (the prudency of their promises and financing already being undermined by union-politicos collaboration). Using them as social activist funds undermines that further.

This is beneath Marty, and I am really surprised at his tack in the TV commercials being so irresponsible.

But, Marty is an extremely liberal person, and this smacks of the protectionist motif that is spreading in the Dem Party, reminiscent of the '20's that fed the Great Depression.

Bruce  Kesler
Encinitas, California

—California Proposition 8

Editor, San Diego Jewish World

In June of 2008, California joined Massachusetts and became the second state to allow same sex couples to marry. This became one of the biggest turning points in history. Right now, however
Proposition 8 is on the November ballot and if it passes will take away this fundamental right. We must look at the real facts to determine the right decision.

The biggest scare tactic is that children will be forced to learn about same sex marriage. This is not true because unlike in Massachusetts, parents in California must grant permission for their children to be involved in sex education. Another scare tactic is that churches will lose their rights if Proposition 8 does not pass. This is not true because theSupreme Court decision regarding same sex marriage specifically says that religions will not be required to change their practices or policies involving the case of same sex marriage and that religious officiates will not be required to honor a marriage that opposes his or her religious beliefs. Supporters of Proposition 8 are also angry that the Supreme Court made the decision without leaving the decision up to the people. The real fact is that judges did not specifically grant this right to same sex couples, but the United States Constitution grants
equality for all people.

We must not just believe scare tactics, but look into the real facts and vote NO on Proposition 8.

Joel White
San Diego






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WAR AND LORE

Tunisia's great Sukkot legal battle
 
By Isaac Yetiv, Ph.D.
 
LA JOLLA, California—The horse-drawn cart stopped at our door; I quickly jumped on the horse and took my seat behind Grandpa Isaac,  my namesake --in our Jewish community in Northern Tunisia, it  was allowed, even expected, to name a child after a living  grandparent – although everybody called him By-Sh'hagu, a respectful appellation meaning "our good father Isaac."

By-Sh'hagu devoted half his time to mitzvoth; he helped the widows and orphans, he married off  the poor girls, he provided shelters for the poor travelers, he was the shamash of the synagogue...but his main  "occupation" was as Head of hevra kadisha, the  Jewish Burial Society. He called it a "pure mitzvah", hesed ve-emet, since one can expect no compensation coming from the dead. By-Sh'hagu's service to the dead was, of course, not remunerated. He made a living selling  manufactured merchandise to the Arab villages in the area and buying from them agricultural products like honey before Rosh Hashana--he provided most of the honey consumed by the  local Jewish community in town--, wax from the hives, spices  and condiments , olives and olive oil and other stuff.

As a child, I liked to accompany him in some of his commercial expeditions, but what I never missed was the trip to buy the jereed, those long palm branches with shiny green leaves used by the Jews to adorn the sukkah. And that was where we were heading that day. The trip took about two hours. We were welcomed by Sheikh Mansoor who ordered his servant to bring us tea and fruit, and then engaged my grandfather in a game of riddles followed by holy conversation about the similarities between Judaism and Islam. My grandfather pronounced the berakha, the blessing, before he consumed the tea and the fruit, and the sheikh said "amen." Meantime, two young men silently unloaded the merchandise we brought with us and replaced it with freshly -cut beautiful palm branches that spread a wonderful aroma. A few short reckonings, some money exchanged salutations and blessings and we were back on our way. Now came the delivery stage in which I had some role to play. By-Sh'hagu gave me a list of customers and the number of branches ordered and I had to plan our itinerary in the most efficient way. My prize was a good pound of couer de palme, that succulent heart of the palm-tree, a delicacy of which I was so fond (and remain to this day), and a tip from the wealthiest customers.

Monsieur Ben-David's house was the first on my list. We unloaded 20 palm branches for his sukkah which was immense, splendidly decorated and sumptuously adorned with lights and colors, and paintings, as it had been for years. But that year, there was a fly in the ointment: when the sukkah was erected, a multitude of visitors invaded the place to wonder at this marvel and their agitation and loud comments did not please the new neighbor, Monsieur Dupont. He was a French Catholic newly-arrived in town to serve in the colonial administration--Tunisia was then a French protectorate--and had never seen such a huge "hut" adjoining a beautiful villa. He knew only that it barred the sunlight and the gentle breeze from reaching his house and that the constant va-et-vient (coming and going) deprived him of his right to quiet enjoyment of his property. And such was the language of his complaint to the French authorities to which he petitioned to order the dismantlement of this horrible eyesore. Due to the importance of the plaintiff, the Clerk of Courts scheduled a hearing for the next day which was Erev Sukkot, the eve of Sukkot. The courtroom was packed with Jews. By-Sh'hagu was there too. It was a sensational event, unheard of in this country of relatively high level of religious tolerance. The French judge patiently heard the arrogant fulminations of Monsieur Dupont who extolled the virtues of individual rights and liberties, and the defense of Monsieur Ben-David who invoked his religious obligations. Then he delivered his verdict: "I heard both sides," he said, "and I considered their merits. Monsieur Ben-David, I hereby order you to dismantle that thing, and you have 8 days to do so, counting from tomorrow.  If it is still standing after 8 days, it will be destroyed, and you will be fined and jailed."

Monsieur Dupont cried victory and kissed his wife. The Jews kept silent in court, but once they were out of sight, they thanked the Heavens for this new miracle from God who inspired the judge to act as he did; they knew of course, what the plaintiff didn't, that the festival of the Tabernacles lasted no more than eight days, and they rejoiced all the way to their homes.

Then came Simhat Torah! In the synagogue, the crowd was dancing with Sifrei Torah and chanting "Simhu vasimhu,  simhat torah!" when a stranger entered, accompanied by  a small boy. The dancers, most of whom had attended the court case, stopped in their tracks; they were stunned.  "Mais c'est Monsieur le Juge!" (But it is the Honorable Judge!), exclaimed Monsieur Ben-David. And then By-Sh'hagu, as one of the Elders, gave the judge his own sefer torah, put one hand on the judge's  head and the other hand on his son's, and intoned the  benediction Yevarekhkha adonai veyeshmerekha..., May God bless you and keep you safe...The people  understood that the "miracle" was a good Jew  recently arrived from France.

Epilogue: Tunisia obtained its independence from France in 1956. Most of the Jews left for France and Israel; among them was the judge who became a V.I.P. in France. By-Sh'hagu retired after 60 years of service as head of Hevra Kadisha and, with the establishment of Israel, he could realize his
dream of being buried in Eretz Hakodesh, the Holy Land, in one of four holy places (Jerusalem, Tsfat, Tiberias, and Hebron) where, he often told me, his body would not be eaten by the worms but would remain intact to meet his Maker. At the age of 98, accompanied by his second wife, and armed with tefilat haderekh, the prayer for safe travel, he embarked in his long journey, by road from his
 town to the harbor, then by ship to Marseilles, France, and another ship to Haifa.

Grandpa died in my arms in Tsfat, the holy city of the Kabbalists, at the ripe age of 102. Among his instructions to me, he asked that no crying but the chanting of Bar Yohay should accompany him to his last abode. (Rabbi Shimon Bar Yohay, the founder of the Kabbalah and author of the ZOHAR, the book of its occult teachings, is buried in Meron, near Tsfat, where he lived with his son Rabbi Elazar in a cave to hide from the Romans; a beautiful poem in his name is chanted in joyous occasions in many Jewish communities).The funeral procession filled the streets of Tsfat; thousands came to pay their respect to
 this TSADDIK. From the balcony of the Health Ministry, the young official who issued the death certificate contemplated the cortege and hummed the well-known melody of Bar Yohay.  Shoshana Reuveni was her name; she was a native of Tsfat.  She couldn't know then that the 23-year- old high school teacher leading the procession, the writer of these lines, would one day become her husband.
   
Columnist Yetiv may be contacted at yetivi@sandiegojewishworld.com





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JERUSALEM DIARIES


How you know its Sukkot in Jerusalem


By Judy Lash Balint


JERUSALEM—Back by popular demand--the annual (updated) Sukkot list:

1. The clang of metal poles and the sounds of hammering are practically constant as Jerusalem's apartment dwellers hurry to erect their sukkot and squeeze them into small balconies, odd-shaped gardens and otherwise derelict rooftops.

2. The tourists have landed! Overwhelmingly religious English and French speaking, they jam the city's take-out places and restaurants, and may be seen in packs wandering up and down Emek Refaim and the new Mamilla mall talking to their friends at top volume on their cell phones.

3. Almost every non-profit group worth its salt has scheduled a fund-raising and/or familiarization event for the days of Chol Hamoed Sukkot, aimed at capturing the attention of the wealthy temporary Jerusalem residents.

4. Real estate agents are taking a deep breath before their busiest week of the year as they prepare to pitch their over-priced wares to eager foreign buyers. Each of the many luxury residential building projects around town managed to put up billboards depicting the completed construction and inviting prospective buyers in for a tour of an unfinished building site.

5. You can't get on a bus without being poked in the rear a dozen times with someone's stray lulav.

6. The sweet smell of etrogim in Jerusalem's Machane Yehuda (Yehuda Market) is overpowering. Huge crowds descend on a lot on Jaffa Road neae the market to vie for the best lulav and etrog.

7. One enterprising bookstore is offering "Machzor rentals" for tourists who inadvertently left their holiday prayerbooks at home.

8. You've never seen such gaudy sukkah decorations in your life---unless you've been to Wal Mart on Christmas eve. Kiosks manned by bearded Haredim in Meah Shearim are selling gold, green and red tinsel hangings---exact replicas of Christmas decorations in the Old Country.

9. Huge piles of schach (palm fronds for the roof of the sukkah) cover major city squares, and citizens are invited to take as much as they need for free.

10. The usual throngs of traditional Jews are expected at the Western Wall for the thrice-yearly observance of the ancient ritual of Birkat Cohanim--Blessing by the Priests--that takes place during the intermediate days of Sukkot. This year,on the same day as Birkat Cohanim (Thursday) we have the added ceremony of Hakel--the national gathering that takes place on the Sukkot following a Shmitta or sabbatical year.

11. Like Christmas tree lots back in the US, empty city lots all over Jerusalem are taken over to sell sukkot of every size and description. Some are marketed by large companies and feature the latest space-saving technology and hardiest material, while others are simpler affairs made of tubular piping and plastic walls.. Every kosher restaurant in town has a sukka of some kind and each boasts bigger and better holiday specials to entice customers.

12. Since the entire week of Sukkot is a national holiday you'll have a tough time deciding which festival/event to take part in. There's the New Age Bereishit Festival at Dugit beach; The Tamar music and arts fest at Ein Gedi; Rishon L'Tzion's Song Festival and a Storytellers Festival in Givatayim, to name just a few. One annual event that won't be taking place this year is Acco's acclaimed Fringe Theater Festival--too much real live drama between Jews and Arabs going on at the moment. The festival has been indefinitely postponed.

13. Touring the country is another favorite Sukkot activity and every political group is promoting trips to "See For Yourself." Hevron is a perennial favorite for Chol Hamoed (intermediate festival days) with a special opening of the Isaac Hall in the Cave of the Patriarchs that's normally off-limits to Jewish visitors. The far left organization Ir Amim funded by the European Union and the Ford Foundation, offers to take visitors to see their version of Jerusalem.

14. Not to be left out are those Christian friends of Israel--the International Christian Embassy of Jerusalem will bring 6,000 members from 80 nations to attend their annual Feast of Tabernacles celebration.

The Christian contingent dressed in costume of their countries of origin will also take part in another annual Sukkot event, the Jerusalem March, where tens of thousands proudly march through several routes of the capital.

Organizers claim that the Christian event will pump $10 million into the local economy, taking up 15,000 hotel room nights during their stay. Not everyone is happy about the Feast, however. Last year, Israel's Chief Rabbinate's Committee for the Prevention of the Spread of Missionary Work in the Holy Land issued a ruling forbidding Jews from participating in the Jerusalem march organized by the International Christian Embassy for Jerusalem.

The committee wrote in its decision, endorsed by both chief rabbis,that Halacha forbids Jews to participate in any of the gatherings at the city's International Convention Center, as well as the annual march through the streets of Jerusalem. Reaction from all quarters has been fast and furious…

15. Another prominent group of tourists set to arrive are refugees from the young frum singles scene who make an annual migration to Jerusalem from the Upper West Side for Sukkot. Discreet meetings of earnest, well-scrubbed, modestly dressed twenty-somethings take place in all the major hotel lobbies.

16. And speaking of refugees--spare a thought for those 1,700 families expelled from their homes in Gush Katif in August 2005. More than three years on and hardly any of them are living in permanent housing. More than 1,000 former Gush Katif residents are still unemployed. Several have died at a young ages and many couples have divorced due to the economic and social pressure and the uncertain future they face. Neither they nor the Israelis in and around Sderot who live under the threat of Hamas shelling will need to be reminded of one of the essential messages of the Sukkot holiday--the flimsiness of our physical existence and our reliance on God for sustenance and shelter.

Moadim L'simcha--chag sameach from Jerusalem.

Judy Lash Balint is a freelance writer based in Jerusalem. Her stories may be read on her websiteIn Tense Times.






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LAWRENCE FAMILY JCC, JACOBS FAMILY CAMPUS


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Family Day bookapalooza, Sunday, November 9, 2008; free for all ages!

SAN DIEGO (Press Release) – The San Diego Center for Jewish Culture at the Lawrence Family Jewish Community Center, JACOBS FAMILY CAMPUS presents FAMILY DAY on Sun., November 9, 1:00-5:00 p.m.  Family Day is part of the 14th Annual San Diego Jewish Book Fair, sponsored by U. S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management.  The day will be packed with activities, entertainment, and learning experiences for the whole family.  Thanks to sponsorship by Sempra Energy and Camp Mountain Chai, with underwriting by the Viterbi Family Foundation, the day’s activities are free to the community.

Children will be thrilled by the opportunity to meet seven of their favorite authors, including Yale Strom (The Wedding that Saved a Town), Sylvia Lieberman (Archibald’s Swiss Cheese Mountain), Michelle Shapiro (Hanukkah Mice), Ryan Lederer (The Adventures of Captain Candy), Naomi Howland (Latkes, Latkes, Good to Eat: A Chanukah Story), Steve Gray (There was a Coyote who Swallowed a Flea), and Larry Keough (Frogilly), and get autographed copies of their books.  Children will also be spellbound by dramatic storytellers; engaged with fun craft activities with a “go green” flair; and entertained by a “Kids on the Block” puppet show.

Children will also have the opportunity to write, produce and direct a play based on The Wedding that Saved a Town by Yale Strom. Children with visual impairments will receive a copy of a book with Braille overlays.  All of this and more is part of the line-up for kids at the San Diego Jewish Book Fair.

A parenting corner will feature lectures by authors Pamela Nadav (L’Mazeltov, Your Personal Guide to Jewish Childbirth Education), and Sharon Duke Estroff (The Essential Scoop on Raising Modern Jewish Kids).

Highlights of Family Day include:

1:00-5:00 p.m. Paint a Shtetl with Edmond Rodman – Kids can join in painting and decorating a village based on Yale Strom’s The Wedding that Saved a Town; Crafts with San Diego’s own Rebeca Edid – Join Rebeca as she creates very special art projects with a “go green” flair; Annual Kid’s Family Day Production of The Wedding that Saved a Town by Yale Strom – Kids write, produce and direct a play; Baby Book Club Kids – Book Signing: Naomi Holland, author of Latkes, Latkes, Good to Eat, A Chanukah Story. 1:00 p.m. The story of Noah’s Ark: A Hand Puppet Board Book; 1:30 p.m., The Kids on the Block Puppet Show, with puppets that teach sensitivity, awareness, and understanding, on topics such as physical and learning disabilities, social and cultural differences; 1:30, 2:30 & 3:30 p.m.: Storytelling Corner, The Adventures of Captain Candy;
Archibald’s Swiss Cheese Mountain; Come act out the book Too Much Noise with Storyteller Stacy Wein; Learn how to draw characters from the book There Was a Coyote who Swallowed a Flea with illustrator Steve Gray. Parenting Corner: 2:00 p.m. – Author Lecture, Pamela Nadav, L’Mazeltov, Your Personal Guide to Jewish Childbirth Education.  Ms. Nadav will present a unique perspective on traditional childbirth education with an introduction to Jewish life, traditions, values, and philosophy – especially for expectant parents and grandparents. 6:15 p.m. – Author Lecture, Sharon Duke Estroff, The Essential Scoop on Raising Modern Jewish Kids. Ms. Estroff uses humor in offering suggestions for the day-to-day challenges of Jewish parenting.  She is an internationally-syndicated parenting columnist, an award-winning educator, and the mother of four children. Family Day is presented in collaboration with Neiman Preschool.  It is a project of the Agency for Jewish Education/United Jewish Federation Day School Marketing and Admissions Initiative, with assistance from  Chabad Hebrew Academy, SCY High School, San Diego Jewish Academy, Soille San Diego Hebrew Day School, and Torah High School.

General Information: The San Diego Jewish Book Fair and FAMILY DAY take place at the Lawrence Family Jewish Community Center, 4126 Executive Drive, La Jolla.  For more information call 858-362-1348, or visit www.lfjcc.org/bookfair. The 14th Annual San Diego Jewish Book Fair sponsored by U.S. Trust, Bank of America Private Wealth Management, offers thousands of titles for sale and is open to the public November 6-13.  Also appearing at the Book Fair are widely published atheist Christopher Hitchens in dialogue with revered Rabbi David Wolpe; actor Henry Winkler, best known as The Fonz, and now the co-author of a series of 14 hilarious books; novelist Jonathan Safran Foer, known for his skill in combining a dark subject with offbeat humor; NBC Tel-Aviv Bureau Chief  and leading TV war correspondent Martin Fletcher; and Evan Handler, a promising actor best known for his roles on “Sex and the City,” “Californication,” and more, along with more than 40 other nationally and internationally known authors.

REFLECTIONS

Important Jewish history occurred
between the birth of Jesus and the Shoah

By Sheila Orysiek

SAN DIEGO—Recently I was watching a DVD - “Kingdom of David” - borrowed from the San Diego Public Library.  It was fairly well done, interesting, but as often seems the case the recounting of early Jewish history didn’t go much beyond the beginning of Christianity.  In most documentaries of this type our history starts with Abraham and ends with Jesus and then begins again with the Holocaust while everything in between is a dark space filled with pogroms and expulsions and exiles.  Makes for dismal reading at best, but at worst it is incorrect.  There were centuries of interesting history in between the Jesus and the Shoah. 

This particular DVD made the point that a tiny (comparatively speaking) group known as Israelites - Hebrews - conceived and bequeathed the unique idea of a monotheistic Deity.  This concept transformed much of the world, its people, culture and therefore history.  Other contributions were mentioned such as, well, glassblowing.

Concepts and values which came from this small group of people, while of benefit to the growth of societal cohesion and distribution of wealth and goods, pales in comparison to the idea of monotheism.  Nevertheless these other contributions are important. 

However, there is another gift that is seldom referenced.  We were the hinge - the bridge between two worlds: Christianity and Islam.  We moved and lived within each world - integrated (as much as the larger community allowed) but not assimilated.  This proved valuable to both civilizations - and offered us a modicum of safety in the ever shifting sands of power as the two civilizations vied continually for dominance on many borders - for centuries - to this day.

Each civilization represented a threat to the other and though there were certainly contacts - these contacts were usually fraught with suspicion.  Christians lived under Islamic suzerainty in Sepharad (Spain) - but were feared by the emirs as a potential threat whereas the Jewish community was not a physical threat.  Thus Jews found themselves wielding great power in the emir’s service. The reverse was true when Christians dominated - they feared their Islamic subjects much more than their Jewish population.  Though Jews at times joined to fight one or the other - because of their small numbers both Moslems and Christians didn’t physically fear the Jews nearly as much as they feared one another.

When Christian kings wanted to communicate with Moslem emirs - they turned to Jews as emissaries - and vice versa.  However, this bridge wasn’t only because of the lack of inherent Jewish power to harm either side, it was also because of language and knowledge.  Jews who traveled to and fro could speak to both sides.  It was not unusual for Jewish leaders and intellectuals to speak Ladino (old Spanish), Hebrew, Arabic and Latin (or a Latin derivative).  This language bridge became crucial not only for communication but also for the transmittal of knowledge. 

Many of the ancient texts of Greek thought in a number of fields (medicine, astronomy, mathematics, philosophy) had been translated into Arabic in cities of the east like Baghdad.  This lore traveled across the Maghreb (northern Africa) and into Sepharad and there it stopped.  But as Christians began pushing south into the Iberian Peninsula and reclaiming it from Moslem rule the possibility opened up that this knowledge might continue going north into Europe.  However, few Christians capable of translating such works could speak Arabic and few Moslems could translate into Latin or the derivative - Castilian.  Jews could do both. 

Realizing the importance of this transmittal of knowledge, Alfonso X set up a college of translators in Toledo, Spain and Jews were heavily represented among the esteemed men who had both the ability to translate as well as the intellectual capability to understand such a treasure trove from the Greeks.  There were other centers of translation where the borders of the two civilizations met - such as Sicily.  However, it was Toledo that was considered the most important.  This task of translation then crossed the Pyrenees and commenced in Europe.

These translations continued through the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.  Not long after was the advent of the printing press with which again Jews were soon heavily involved in Holland, Italy and Salonika and thus furthered the spread of knowledge.  At first these presses were used to print Jewish texts, but soon were used for printing other texts and served a mixed community. 

Generally speaking, literacy rates among Jews were fairly high - comparatively - since Jewish men were expected to study Talmud and Jewish women to read “simple” prayer books written especially for them. Reading Hebrew texts was never confined to an “official” Jewish clergy - but was always open to any male member of the Jewish community who wanted to come and study.  Bar Mitzvah required the ability to read.

The Christian community - until the advent and rise of Protestant denominations - generally kept the reading of the Bible within the confines of the official church hierarchy.  There was a time, in England, when knowing how to read automatically gave a defendant access to ecclesiastic courts which tended to have (slightly) less daunting outcomes (punishments). It was called “claiming the benefit of clergy” even though one was not a member of the clergy - but simply able to read.

After the Reformation, Protestants encouraged reading the Bible among the laity - as Jews had always done.  This advanced literacy greatly in Europe.  So as knowledge through the Toledo translations became available, both the printing press and the Reformation eventually helped to disseminate it further.

Because Jews had early contact with both Greek and Arabic medical knowledge, they took this with them north into Christian lands becoming famous as physicians - serving the general population as well as the nobility and ecclesiastic centers such as the Vatican.  Jewish women were well known for using herbs for healing and this is pivotal in Sir Walter Scott’s heroine, Rebecca, in Ivanhoe.

The use of letters of credit rather than carrying around bags of coins, a mercantile-credit network spanning much of the known world that Jews established among themselves, proved useful to society at large and fostered both trade and interchange of ideas.  As a group, we are known for being commercially astute and this was used time and again by potentates for their own advantage. 

The mercantile network which Jews set up and refined through the centuries was at first for their own benefit - to facilitate the movement of money and to safeguard it.  It helped that they wrote their letters of credit, accounts and messages in Hebrew, often laced with code words.  The commercial network evolved over the centuries and went through Europe, into the Middle East, along the Silk Road, the Far East and into China and was used by families like the Sassoons.  This practice of creating a network was also used by the sons of Amschel Rothschild who were spread over Europe and England. 

This network and the means of transferring funds without actually physically handling coinage helped to spread goods and services to areas not generally on the mainstream of commerce.  The Ottoman emperors used Jews to “seed” desolate areas and bring prosperity which translated into more taxes for the emperor.  The Ottomans welcomed the Jews expelled from Spain and couldn’t understand why Spain would throw away such a dynamic portion of the population.

The network was not only about commerce, but was also about rescue.  Our history is replete with rescuing other Jews in trouble, singly or entire populations.  Whole communities would ransom a single Jewish captive - though he was a stranger to them.  It continues today as Jews around the world help to finance Israel’s efforts to bring large groups of Jews in jeopardy to safety.

Jews became adept at turning adversity wherever possible into a positive outcome.  Forced to flee - they developed portable wealth such as loose jewels and set up diamond markets in which they are heavily represented to this day.  Forced to flee - they set up mercantile networks. Forced to flee - they set up a religious practice no longer tied to a specific place such as a Temple and religious ritual not dependent upon a structured clergy - a minyan would suffice.  Forced to flee - they became cartographers.  Forced to flee - they became a people who often spoke more than one language. Forced to flee - they developed trade in “soft goods” like fabrics which is more easily transportable.  Forced to flee they carried their entire history, religion, ethics, legal code and tradition in a Book.  They didn’t need a fancy building in which to pray.

Often prohibited from owning land, they undertook portable trades such as tailor, shoemaker, peddler, watch repair, scribe, dance master, tutor, tax collector, physician, money lender - trades which are of use everywhere.

Forced to live in cramped ghettoes they became expert at organizing community organizations, their own hierarchy, courts, taxes, religious and civic entities and even structured dance choreography to fit small spaces.  If the ghetto was locked at night - Amschel Rothschild used it to safeguard the money chests of the prince under whose rule he lived from other marauding princes.  He had convinced the prince that his double cellared home locked inside the ghetto was the safest place for the money chests.

And that’s just a few events between the time of  Jesus and the Shoah.  Which brings us to the success of Israel - what a small number of people can accomplish in a land with few physical resources.  The human resource is more important.

Columnist Orysiek may be contacted at orysieks@sandiegojewishworld.com

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The San Diego Gravestone Project

Researchers provide pre-1960 inventory of gravesites at Home of Peace

By David M. Caterino, RPA

SAN DIEGO —San Diego County has a checkered history of cemetery management and care; rampant development has removed entire cemeteries. In addition, erosion, vandalism, neglect, and apathy are responsible for the loss of many historical gravestones, a non-renewable historical resource. The San Diego Gravestone Project, the brainchild of Dr. Seth Mallios, Chair of the Anthropology Department at San Diego State University, is a response to this problem.

Dr. Mallios and I initiated the San Diego Gravestone Project in 2002 as a joint endeavor between SDSU and the South Coastal Information Center (SCIC), the archaeological archive for San Diego County. The goals of the project are to locate and research the histories of the cemeteries of San Diego County, photographing, cataloging, and analyzing every historical gravestone within those cemeteries. Thanks to the help of many anthropology students and volunteers, we have been able to construct a database of thousands of gravestones, with accompanying positional, physical, textual, and symbolic information. The positions, descriptions, and histories of each gravesite have been compiled into a cross-referenced inventory. It is both academic research and historic preservation, and, as such, we will maintain and update the database in order to ensure that a record of monuments to past individuals will remain available to descendants, scholars, descendants, and community members. To date, the San Diego Gravestone Project has yielded numerous lectures, several scholarly articles, and two books, Cemeteries of San Diego and Cemeteries of San Diego County.

Presently, our research has revealed 140 gravesites and cemeteries throughout San Diego County, both urban and rural, from the Spanish Mission Period to the present day. Many are active burial grounds, while others are forgotten and overgrown, their grave markers broken or missing. More than a few have ceased to exist; the gravestones have been removed, the bodies exhumed, and the land redeveloped for other purposes. There are at least half a dozen cemeteries mentioned in the historical record that we have yet to find. With only a few exceptions, members of the San Diego County Gravestone Project were able to survey each location, recording the exact geographic coordinates of each with a handheld Geographic Positioning System (GPS) receiver. We map these locations in the Geographic Information System (GIS) of the South Coastal Information Center as a permanent record for archaeologists researching areas marked for development. In this way, we are promoting proactive university involvement in the local community while maintaining an adherence to preservation law in the face of rampant development. We are combining historical investigation and responsible cultural resource management.

As an example of the information available, I have supplied a small sample of the data from Home of Peace Cemetery, located at the intersection of 36th Street and Imperial Avenue, on southwest corner of Mount Hope Cemetery. At the end of the 19th century, congregation Beth Israel petitioned the City of San Diego for land within Mount Hope Cemetery. Receiving the land, they established a Jewish section in 1892. Around 1910, this section was purchased by Beth Israel, at which point it became a separate entity and was named “Home of Peace.” In 1937, the remains interred at the now-defunct Hebrew Cemetery were transferred to Home of Peace, making it the only exclusively Jewish cemetery in San Diego County.

The complete database, too large to be supplied here, includes a history of the cemetery with overview photographs, close-up views of each gravestone, names and dates, inscriptions, symbols, plus the types of materials used for the grave markers and their dimensions. Coordinates are supplied so that anyone with a hand-held GPS can locate a grave.

Anyone with a San Diego cemetery question or concern may contact me at the South Coastal Information Center: (619) 594-5682 or scic@mail.sdsu.edu.

About the researcher David M. Caterino

David M. Caterino is a native of Arlington, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston. His interest in history began at an early age, surrounded as he was by the relics and lore of the American Revolution. He moved to California for his naval service and chose to remain in San Diego, where he has resided since 1986.

Mr. Caterino is a graduate of the New York Maritime College, with advanced degrees in biology and anthropology from San Diego State University. It was while researching his graduate thesis on cemeteries for the latter that collaboration began with Dr. Seth Mallios on the San Diego Gravestone Project. The fruits of this intellectual effort are Cemeteries of San Diego and Cemeteries of San Diego County.

A Registered Professional Archaeologist, Mr. Caterino is the Coordinator of the South Coastal Information Center, the archaeological archive for San Diego County. He and Dr. Mallios are continuing their joint effort to record all cemeteries throughout the County and, in addition, are excavating the cistern at the Whaley House in Old Town. In his free time, he enjoys investigating the underwater archaeological sites off the coast of San Diego.   

HOME OF PEACE BURIALS — PRE 1960 

GRAVE ID

LAST NAME

FIRST NAME

MIDDLE NAME

BIRTH YEAR

DEATH YEAR

020-00371	(unknown)	(unknown)	(unknown)	*	1926
020-00601	(unknown)	(unknown)	(unknown)	*	*
020-00709	(unknown)	Henry	(unknown)	1909	1920
020-00332	ADDLESON	ANNA		*	1941
020-00333	ADDLESON	ISAAC	GERSHON	*	1931
020-00417	ADDLESON	SARAH		*	1931
020-00196	ADLER	LOYES		1886	1941
020-00079	ALPERT	HARRY		1886	1953
020-00081	ALPERT	ESTELLE	S.	1922	1960
020-00410	ALPERT	STEVEN	HARRIS	1959	1960
020-00029	ALTERS	IDA	S.	1893	1952
020-00069	ALTSHULER	MAYER		1867	1961
020-00069	ALTSHULER	IDA		1876	1949
020-00483	AMIEL	ELIAS		1869	1915
020-00516	Andelson	Martin		1892	1915
020-00136	ANFANGAR	MORRIS		1895	1947
020-00137	ANFANGAR	MANES		1899	1951
020-00421	APELMAN	MARION		*	1925
020-00424	APELMAN	BABY		*	1950
020-00489	ARKIN	PAULINE	B.	1879	1932
020-00558	Aron	David		1874	1951
020-00248	ASKENAIZER	ESTHER		1890	1928
020-00077	AVED	GERTRUDE		1880	1953
020-00393	BACHMAN	ABE		*	1935
020-00495	BAER	H.	J.	1871	1920
020-00325	BALENSON	HYMAN		*	1936
020-00326	BALENSON	ESTHER	S.	*	1935
020-00147	BANK	SAMUEL		1896	1972
020-00147	BANK	ROSE		1901	1952
020-00310	BARANOV	DANIEL	A.	1889	1928

020-00584	Baranov	Jacob		1879	1950
020-00584	Baranov	Lewis		1887	1950
020-00597	Baranov	Anna		1887	1939
020-00619	BARANOV	MAX	A.	*	1918
020-00620	BARANOV	SARAH		1884	1978
020-00620	BARANOV	DAVID		1879	1943
020-00621	BARANOV	ANNA		1887	1939
020-00622	BARANOV	RAY		1889	1952
020-00651	BARANOV	CHARLES	E.	1883	1944
020-00652	BARANOV	RACHEL		*	1935
020-00653	BARANOV	MAX	A.	*	1918
020-00221	BARIS	FANNIE		1888	1954
020-00632	BARNERT	LENA		*	1924
020-00506	Barsimanton	Lucie		1900	1926
020-00276	BARUCH	IKE		1883	1940
020-00255	BASINSKI	SIMON		*	1933
020-00001	BEHAR	YEHUDA		1889	1959
020-00040	BEISSER	FANNIE		1893	1949
020-00071	BELENZON	REVERA		1930	1949
020-00369	BENJAMIN	SARAH		1875	1923
020-00284	BENSON	ANNA	B.	1875	1957
020-00550	Berg	Carrie		1895	1953
020-00375	BERGER	ISADOR		1881	1927
020-00459	BERKMAN	ETTA		*	1915
020-00042	BERKOUF	BENJAMIN		1885	1948
020-00101	BERKOVIEL	MATES		1876	1949
020-00006	BERMAN	PHILIP		1885	1955
020-00398	BERMAN	PETER		1870	1937
020-00695	Bied	Minnie		1878	1948
020-00695	Bied	Abraham		1877	1960

020-00718	Bied	Harry		1905	1951
020-00637	BINNARD	MORRIS		1879	1943
020-00413	BLACKMAN	FAYE	RACHELLE	1946	1952
020-00675	BLAND	EDWARD	RICHARD	1901	1960
020-00676	BLAND	ARTHUR	JAY	1930	1949
020-00484	BLATT	HARRY		1884	1914
020-00141	BLINSTEIN	ANNIE		1872	1954
020-00141	BLINSTEIN	JACOB	MANO	1869	1948
020-00165	BLOCH	ESTHER	D.	*	1941
020-00470	BLOOM	ROSE		*	1913
020-00551	Blumenthal	Rudolf		1880	1959
020-00551	Blumenthal	Else		1889	1983
020-00022	BOBROF	LEROY		1907	1944
020-00023	BOBROF	BOB	B.	1919	1944
020-00150	BOGIN	HERMAN		1885	1953
020-00319	Bolochowsky	SLAVA		1880	1937
020-00575	Bornstein	Max		1897	1947
020-00720	Bortnik	Keyla		1912	1994
020-00720	Bortnik	Naum		1906	1956
020-00102	BOSTIC	JULIA		1914	1949
020-00099	BRAUN	ADOLF		1880	1973
020-00099	BRAUN	JENNIE		1882	1952
020-00536	Breier	Edmund	F.	1920	1959
020-00282	BRESLER	ABRAHAM	NACHMAN	1874	1942
020-00282	BRESLER	ANNA	HILLKOWITZ	1879	1957
020-00227	BRETT	LEO	H.	1911	1951
020-00226	BRETTSCHNEIDER	MINNIE		*	1960
020-00618	BRODSKAYA	KHOVA		1905	1992
020-00618	BRODSKY	MOISHE		1900	1941
020-00131	BRODY	ARTHUR		1892	1949
020-00466	BROOKS			1955	1955
020-00308	BROWN	HYMAN		1876	1926
020-00324	BROWN	DENA		1892	1935
020-00438	BROWN	RACHEL		1884	1934
020-00448	BROWN	SAMUEL	B.	*	1919
020-00602	BROWN	MARY		1865	1933
020-00629	BROWN	THERESIA		1842	1909
020-00629	BROWN	ALEXANDER		1868	1881
020-00629	BROWN	H.	J.	1831	1896
020-00658	BROWN	WILLIAM		1882	1934
020-00063	BROWNSTEIN	ANGEL		1885	1946
020-00350	BRUBIN	BECKIE		1894	1971
020-00460	BURMAN	MEYER		1884	1915
020-00645	BURNETT	KUSHEL		1885	1939
020-00645	BURNETT	JENNIE		1891	1981
020-00422	BUTLER	GARY	D.	1943	1943
020-00458	CAPLIN	ALBERT		1914	1915
020-00648	CARR	CELIA		1858	1882
020-00504	Cattelain	Bertha		1861	1938
020-00095	CHASINOWITZ	MAX		1885	1953
020-00182	CHESTER	MANLEY	C.	1923	1952
020-00039	CIVIAN	LIBA		1861	1947
020-00158	COHEN	CHARLES		1885	1941
020-00199	COHEN	BESSIE		1888	1960
020-00199	COHEN	AARON		1885	1955
020-00409	COHEN	BARBARA	JO	1959	1960
020-00596	Cohen	Minnie		*	1931
020-00610	COHEN	BERTHA		1841	1919
020-00656	COHEN	MARCUS		1888	1891
020-00702	Cohen	Julia		*	1941
020-00003	COLLINS	JAMES	J.	1911	1957
020-00402	COMFORT	EDWARD		1878	1939
020-00462	COOPER	ROSE		1881	1958
020-00710	Copold	Milburn	C.	1910	1959
020-00571	Cwick	Jacob		1866	1951
020-00646	CZERWINSKY	TOBY		*	1894
020-00019	DARMAN	BERHTA		1917	1955
020-00711	David	Rita		1917	1947
020-00587	Davidovits	Roza		1879	1953

020-00149	DAVIDSON	ISAAC	TOBIAS	1876	1930
020-00700	Davidson	Moses	L.	1880	1951
020-00700	Davidson	Jennie	R.	1881	1932
020-00490	DAVIS	DAVID		1866	1918
020-00581	Davis	Max		1891	1953
020-00091	DEAN	HARRY		1890	1958
020-00116	DEMBO	JOSEPH		1868	1953
020-00116	DEMBO	ANNIE		1871	1945
020-00157	DEMBO	LILLIAN		1877	1952
020-00465	DEUTSCH	DIANE	GAIL	1951	1952
020-00295	DOBIN	SAM	MEYER	1897	1960
020-00391	DOBIN	SOSIA		1862	1933
020-00185	DOMBROFF	ROBERT	J.	1901	1949
020-00664	DOMNITZ	LENA	G.	*	1949
020-00205	DONIGER	RAE		1890	1946
020-00219	DOUGLAS	ROSE		1900	1944
020-00252	DOUGLAS	MARY		*	1932
020-00433	ECKSTEIN	JOSEPH	G.	1908	1958
020-00307	EIDELS	REVA		1864	1926
020-00403	EISEN	SAMUEL		1881	1939
020-00312	ELWOOD	JAMES	E.	1894	1926
020-00522	Eppstein	Martin		1899	1955
020-00236	EPSTEIN	BENJAMIN		1868	1925
020-00340	EPSTEIN	HARVEY	HOSEA	1893	1929
020-00693	Epstein			*	1917
020-00650	FANO	EDWARD	AARON	1868	1919
020-00650	FANO	ETTA	A.	1872	1949
020-00533	Feiler	Alwin	James	1904	1959
020-00533	Feiler	Martha		1909	1985
020-00561	Feinberg	Dorothy		1909	1954
020-00582	Feinberg	Max		1881	1953
020-00608	FEINBERG	SEZE		1881	1945
020-00608	FEINBERG	BERTHA		1888	1973
020-00661	FEINBERG	NATHAN		1905	1959
020-00092	FELDMAN	SARAH		*	1960
020-00250	FELDMAN	SAMUEL		*	1932
020-00673	FERBER	MAX	JACOB	1876	1951
020-00024	FIDDLE	DORA		1896	1943
020-00107	FINK	JOSEPH		1890	1946
020-00519	Finkel	Jacob		1891	1957
020-00538	Finkel	Fay		1888	1959
020-00377	FIRKS	LOUIS		1877	1935
020-00381	FIRKS	FANNIE		1877	1929
020-00431	FISCHBEIN	DAVID		1892	1959
020-00074	FISCHER	EUGENE		1890	1967

020-00074	FISCHER	GIZELLA	GRACE	1891	1952
020-00358	FISHER	ABRAHAM		1883	1957
020-00358	FISHER	SARAH		1884	1933
020-00184	FISHMAN	MORRIS		1883	1942
020-00065	FORSTER	SAMUEL		1884	1948
020-00682	Fox	Pauline	Kuhn	1863	1937
020-00682	Fox	Samuel	I.	1862	1939
020-00155	FRANK	ISADORE		1872	1852
020-00156	FRANK	ROSE		*	1942
020-00360	FRANK	SAUL	BEN	1884	1956
020-00360	FRANK	REBECCA		1885	1958
020-00394	FRANKEL	BERNARD		1882	1936
020-00194	FREEDMAN	NATHAN		1879	1947
020-00195	FREEDMAN	REBECCA		1873	1958
020-00268	FREEDMAN	ABRAHAM	E.	1868	1940
020-00232	FREIDEN	WILLIAM	F.	1851	1924
020-00717	Friedman			*	*
020-00724	Friedman			*	*
020-00191	FRUMKIN	HARRY		1890	1943
020-00192	FRUMKIN	SARA		1865	1950
020-00279	FURTADO	LOUIS		1875	1944
020-00197	GAFFEN	ALICE		1894	1962
020-00197	GAFFEN	MEYER		1954	1954
020-00583	Gale	Thelma		1913	1954
020-00612	GALE	JACK		1884	1948
020-00612	GALE	ROSE		1890	1985
020-00518	Garber	Harry		1900	1957
020-00041	GARDNER	BEN		1888	1950
020-00041	GARDNER	TILLIE		1891	1970
020-00423	GARDNER	BRUCE		1951	1952
020-00432	GARDNER	MAX		1880	1953
020-00223	GARLAND	BERTON		1893	1953
020-00555	Gelman	Rose		1870	1945
020-00412	GENDLOFF	DAVID	MICHAEL	1956	1958
020-00034	GERBER	SAMUEL		1894	1950
020-00129	GERSHON	DAVID		1877	1945
020-00129	GERSHON	SARAH		1876	1953
020-00390	GERSHON	FANNY		1912	1931
020-00419	GERSHON	STANLEY	MARVIN	1929	1929
020-00586	Gesensway	Freeda	Mildred	1902	1957
020-00586	Gesensway	Arthur		1894	1969
020-00049	GILL	SARAH		1893	1949
020-00712	Gill	Eleanor		1879	1958
020-00048	GLASER	ISAK		1900	1948
020-00352	GLASER	FRIEDA		1892	1959
020-00667	GLASS	MEYER	I.	1914	1950
020-00266	GLASSER	ANNIE	B.	1881	1939
020-00496	GLASSER	DAVID	T.	1881	1921
020-00665	GLASSER	GILBERT	M.	1916	1932
020-00666	GLASSER	AARON		1878	1950

020-00539	Glickfield	Annie		1882	1965
020-00539	Glickfield	Abraham		1879	1958
020-00444	GOLD	TILLIE		1905	1920
020-00683	Goldbaum	Simon		*	1916
020-00683	Goldbaum	Margaret		*	1941
020-00028	GOLDBERG	ANNA		1877	1950
020-00225	GOLDBERG	BLANCHE		1891	1964
020-00225	GOLDBERG	MORRIS		1888	1952
020-00388	GOLDBERG	AARON		*	1931
020-00434	GOLDBERG	ISER		*	1955
020-00514	Goldberg	Ralph		1870	1946
020-00523	Goldberg	Jacob		1907	1958
020-00623	GOLDBERG	SAM		1876	1955
020-00719	Goldberger	Barbara	Rose	1923	1923
020-00168	GOLDGRABER	JACOB		1854	1940
020-00285	GOLDMAN	JOEL	M.	1946	1959
020-00056	GOLDSTEIN	ESTHER	CHAYA	1894	1950
020-00061	GOLDSTEIN	JOE		1890	1950
020-00204	GOLDSTEIN	GERALD	V.	1937	1960
020-00256	GOLDSTEIN	HILDA		*	1933
020-00463	GOLDSTEIN	DAVID		*	1915
020-00657	GOLDSTEIN	HANNAH		1873	1913
020-00013	GOLDSTONE	COLEMAN		1894	1978
020-00013	GOLDSTONE	SARAH	FREDA	1899	1942
020-00568	Golosman	Charles		1885	1950
020-00202	GOLSTEIN	SIMA		1881	1960
020-00018	GORDON	MORRIS		1883	1955
020-00153	GORDON	BEN		1905	1951
020-00526	Gordon	Issy		1885	1957
020-00052	GRADES	HARRY		1875	1950
020-00309	GRADES	BERTHA	M.	1882	1927
020-00492	GRANOVSKY	J.		*	1920
020-00492	GRANOVSKY	J.		*	1920
020-00475	GREEN	ISAAC		*	1903
020-00172	GREENBAUM	BEN		1892	1942
020-00249	GREENBAUM	ROSE		1852	1930
020-00542	Greenstein	Joseph		1882	1952
020-00406	GROSSMAN	MARC	BENARD	*	1960
020-00713	Grossman	Mildred		1913	1954
020-00714	Grossman	Sidney		1912	1957
020-00479	GRUENBERG	DAVID		*	1913
020-00479	GRUENBERG	FANNIE		*	1914
020-00479	GRUENBERG	PEARL		1909	1915
020-00678	GRUENBERG	SUSAN	K.	1885	1970
020-00678	GRUENBERG	JACOB	H.	1882	1947
020-00528	Gumpel	Hilde		1922	1957
020-00374	GUREVITCH	M.		1865	1927
020-00715	Gurewitt	Aurelio	A.	1891	1958
020-00560	Guth	James		1900	1956
020-00510	Guttlier	Morris		*	1908
020-00445	HAAS	BENJAMIN	WILLIAM	*	1920
020-00062	HACKER	ADOLPH		1867	1946
020-00681	Haimsohn	Sadie		1898	1975
020-00681	Haimsohn	Herman		1892	1950
020-00701	Hamber	Fred		1902	1959
020-00339	HAMBURGER	REGINE		1855	1929
020-00361	HAMBURGER	ERNST		1877	1958
020-00053	HARRIS	SIMON		1882	1947
020-00503	Hart	John		1850	1933
020-00427	HARTMAN			*	1943
020-00513	Hassan	K.	H.	1837	1905
020-00229	HAYDIS	WINIFRED	HELEN	1918	1923
020-00240	HAYDIS	KATIE		1866	1927
020-00064	HAYUTIN	MORRIS		1872	1946
020-00529	Hein	Rose		1885	1957
020-00220	HELLER	HATTYE	I.	1882	1941
020-00220	HELLER	ALEXANDER		1882	1932
020-00291	HERMAN	CASPAR		*	1816
020-00499	HERRMANN	LINA		1860	1928
020-00214	HERZOFF	HERMAN		1907	1936
020-00579	Heumann	Dorothy	Lee	1949	1954
020-00152	HEYMAN	HARRY	I.	1890	1932
020-00477	HINDIN	ANNIE		1898	1912
020-00083	HIRSCH	ARTHUR	JAMES	1895	1959
020-00364	HIRSCH	MENDEL	H.	*	1921

020-00553	Hirsch	Solomon	S.	1879	1954
020-00554	Hirsch	Gizella	L.	1879	1949
020-00012	HIRSCHBERS	WILLIAM		1886	1945
020-00486	HOCHMAN	MORRIS		1898	1937
020-00456	HOLLANDER	WILLIAM		1872	1959
020-00456	HOLLANDER	ANNA		1884	1964
020-00344	HOLTZ	ASHER		*	1927
020-00530	Horowitz	Nathan		1902	1959
020-00672	HYMES	JENNIE		1882	1951
020-00672	HYMES	DAVID		1873	1951
020-00694	Jacob	A.	J.	1868	1900
020-00089	JACOBS	ANNA	L.	1892	1976
020-00089	JACOBS	ABRAHAM	J.	1891	1953
020-00263	JACOBS	ABE		1879	1938
020-00296	JACOBSON	JULIUS	JOEL	1898	1957
020-00430	JACOBSON	LENA		1867	1959
020-00449	JACOBSON	SOPHIA		*	1921
020-00449	JACOBSON	HENRY		*	1919
020-00469	JACOBSON	E.		*	1913
020-00705	Janger	Ida		*	1959
020-00257	JANOFSKY	JULIUS		1895	1935
020-00531	Josik	Anna	Leopold	1892	1960
020-00591	JuDelowitz	Joseph		1883	1942
020-00592	JuDelowitz	Lena		1870	1950
020-00638	JUDELOWITZ	JOSEPH		1863	1942
020-00638	JUDELOWITZ	LENA		1870	1950
020-00599	Kaatz	Ottilie		1841	1923
020-00500	KAGAN	JACK		1893	1942
020-00033	KAHAN	MARY		1871	1950
020-00035	KAHAN	ABRAHAM		1867	1950
020-00164	KAHN	BROCHA		1856	1940
020-00451	KAISER	SOLOMON		1855	1918
020-00144	KALISH	FANNY		*	1975
020-00144	KALISH	LEOPOLD		*	1960
020-00144	KALISH	LEOPOLD		*	1960
020-00314	KANDEL	BLUMA	STERN	1871	1929
020-00186	KANE	SAMUEL	H.	1874	1943
020-00187	KANE	FANNY		1867	1945
020-00216	KAPLAN	AARON		1881	1938
020-00304	KAPLAN	BESSIE		*	1922
020-00320	KAPLAN	ROSIE		1895	1937
020-00320	KAPLAN	MAX		1886	1937
020-00473	KAPLAN	ESTHER		1856	1912
020-00467	KARMAN	ALEX		1877	1914
020-00230	KARON	ZELDA		*	1921
020-00139	KARP	SAMUEL		1885	1948
020-00139	KARP	MINNIE		1885	1955
020-00559	Kassoff	Ella		*	1953
020-00363	KAUFMAN	PEARL	HILDA	1925	1959
020-00639	KAUFMAN	JACOB	L.	1885	1943

020-00293	KINZELBERG	BERNARD		1864	1925
020-00293	KINZELBERG	HENRIETTE		1862	1929
020-00096	KIRSHBAUM	LOUIS		1873	1953
020-00097	KIRSHBAUM	SOPHIE	FRIEDMAN	1884	1952
020-00088	KITAEN	ELEANOR	R.	1917	1955
020-00316	KITAEN	DAVID		1883	1940
020-00687	Klauber	Amy	Salz	1872	1928
020-00688	Klauber	Melville		1865	1932
020-00689	Klauber	Alice	E.	1871	1951
020-00690	Klauber	Therese		1841	1921
020-00691	Klauber	Abraham		1831	1911
020-00691	Klauber	Theresa		1841	1921
020-00691	Klauber	Herbert		1875	1875
020-00691	Klauber	Nathan		1880	1884
020-00692	Klauber	Stella	T.	1878	1942
020-00485	KLAZKIN	ISADORE		1877	1916
020-00505	Klein	Moises	Beilson	1905	1953
020-00280	KLIGMAN	JAMES	MALCOLM	1918	1945
020-00280	KLIGMAN	ABRAHAM	DAVID	1893	1941
020-00347	KLIGMAN	JAMES	MALCOLM	1918	1945
020-00176	KOCHBERG	HELEN	ETHEL	1923	1940
020-00178	KOCHBERG	LEO	LIPE	1913	1941
020-00385	KOCKBERG	RAYMOND		1886	1929
020-00070	KOLKEY	IDA	REBECCA	1869	1951
020-00143	KOLKEY	MONA	SHARPE	1908	1980
020-00557	Komins	Sam		1897	1950
020-00557	Komins	Lavena		1902	1964
020-00663	KOMLOS	LAURA		1869	1954
020-00004	KOPLOWITZ	MAX		1890	1957
020-00173	KRAFT	LOUIS	A.	1891	1941
020-00426	KRAMER	JOSEPH	EUGENE	1948	1948
020-00512	Kramer	Malka		1858	1911
020-00468	KRASSOFF	LOUIS		*	1896
020-00353	KRUSKAL	MARY		1899	1958
020-00630	KUHN	SOPHIE	CLARA	1865	1940
020-00631	KUHN	ISAAC		1859	1899
020-00631	KUHN	SALLIE		1870	1899
020-00631	KUHN	RUTH		1893	1893
020-00110	KUSCHNER	BECKY		1891	1944
020-00335	KUSCHNER	IDA		*	1931
020-00515	Kushelefsky	Morris		1873	1915
020-00007	LADERMAN	PHILLIP		1886	1954
020-00401	LAFF	JOSEPH		*	1939
020-00146	LAMPERT	LOUIS		1881	1956
020-00146	LAMPERT	DOROTHY		1888	1952
020-00635	LANDIS	HATTIE	S.	1880	1959
020-00366	LANDY	LENA		*	1922
020-00036	LANSKY	CLARA		1873	1948
020-00212	LASHER	LILLIAN		1884	1939
020-00212	LASHER	LOUIS		1880	1952

020-00562	Lasky	Ida		1863	1954
020-00043	LAZAR	JAMES	S.	1888	1948
020-00569	Lebb	Israel		1886	1955
020-00569	Lebb	Florence		1895	1983
020-00334	LEE	FELIX	PAUL	1895	1953
020-00384	LEFKOWITZ	DORIS		1916	1929
020-00508	Lehrer	David		1881	1934
020-00604	LESEM	MARX	A.	1644	1928
020-00605	LESEM	THERESA		1852	1908
020-00703	Lesinsky	Bertha		*	1943
020-00704	Lesinsky	Samuel		*	1935
020-00265	LESSER	LOUIS		1882	1939
020-00016	LETVINOFF	PAUL		*	1914
020-00017	LETVINOFF	SAM		*	1924
020-00082	LETVINOFF	EVA		*	1948
020-00680	Levee	Seamon		1861	1904
020-00037	LEVENSON	ETTA		1874	1948
020-00370	LEVENSON	HERMAN		1873	1924
020-00261	LEVEY	ISADORE		1887	1943
020-00589	Levi	Simon		1850	1918
020-00590	Levi	Ermance		1848	1921
020-00641	LEVI	ISAAC		1854	1905
020-00642	LEVI	SIMON		1850	1918
020-00642	LEVI	ERMANCE		1848	1921
020-00643	LEVI	HENRY		*	1900
020-00684	Levi	Rudolph		1864	1915
020-00117	LEVILKOW	JACOB	I.	1889	1944
020-00336	LEVIN	LEONARD	VICTOR	1910	1930
020-00442	LEVIN	SOPHIA		1870	1923
020-00038	LEVINE	HARRY		1892	1954
020-00080	LEVINE	SADIE	S.	1892	1955
020-00080	LEVINE	SAMUEL		1886	1960
020-00351	LEVINSON	ANNIE	E.	*	1929
020-00044	LEVITT	ELLI		1891	1948
020-00237	LEVY	MAX		1861	1926
020-00218	LEWIS	ALBERT	K.	1894	1941
020-00298	LICHTENSTEIN	MORITZ		1885	1955
020-00299	LICHTENSTEIN	ANNA		1897	1958
020-00224	LICHTERMAN	ISADORE		1893	1952
020-00414	LICHTERMAN	DANIEL		*	1957
020-00108	LIEBMAN	ROSE		1880	1952
020-00075	LIPOWSKY	MEER		1890	1953
020-00671	LIPSETT	HELEN		*	1943
020-00198	LIPSHITZ	ANNA		1887	1955
020-00267	LIPSHITZ	HARRY		1875	1940
020-00055	LIVINGSTON	DORA		1872	1947
020-00274	LOESER	HENRIETTA		1876	1952
020-00346	LOESER	JULIUS		1866	1924
020-00203	LOWENSTEIN	CHAS		1860	1880
020-00461	LOWENSTEIN	GUSTAVE		1904	1915
020-00647	LOWENSTEIN	VALERIA		*	1889
020-00435	LOWY	ARPAD		1900	1945
020-00697	Low-Zimmer	Bernhard		1895	1952
020-00697	Low-Zimmer	Sophie		1905	1972
020-00020	LUCOW	BELLA		1886	1954
020-00588	Lukton	Lizzie		1886	1954
020-00386	MAGDOFF	JULIA		1901	1930
020-00418	MAGDOFF	FRANK		*	1930
020-00716	Magdovitz	David	J.	1888	1959
020-00002	MAGRISSO	PALOMBA	MISRAHI	1881	1959
020-00311	MALAMUD	ALEX		1885	1945
020-00313	MALAMUD	ROSE		1863	1951
020-00573	Malek	Rose		*	1953
020-00231	MALLEN	SADIE		1882	1936
020-00598	Mannasse	Celita		*	1924
020-00654	MANNASSE	JOSEPH	S.	1831	1897
020-00654	MANNASSE	HANNAH		1834	1913
020-00654	MANNASSE	CELITA		*	1924
020-00119	MARCOVIC	BESSIE	E.	1885	1945
020-00120	MARCOVIC	HARRY		1874	1953
020-00488	MARCOVIC	HILDA		1910	1918
020-00254	MARGOLIS	SARAH		*	1932
020-00254	MARGOLIS	ABRAHAM		*	1941
020-00548	Margolis	Jake		1878	1960
020-00548	Margolis	Fanny		1892	1953
020-00362	MARKOWITZ	LOUIS	C.	1881	1956
020-00547	Markowitz	Rebecca		1876	1953
020-00005	MARX	ROSE		1909	1998
020-00005	MARX	HERMAN		1907	1955
020-00509	Math	Rosi		1889	1914
020-00601	MAURICE			1872	1943
020-00603	MESSINGER	BARBARA	MARGARET	1852	1932
020-00609	MESSINGER	JOSEPH		1826	1900
020-00659	MESSINGER	RALPH	B.	1870	1929
020-00660	MESSINGER	STELLA		1880	1933
020-00030	METH	FRED	B.	1897	1953
020-00047	MEYER	LOTTIE		1881	1947
020-00121	MEYER	KURT	H.	1927	1945
020-00122	MEYER	JULIUS		1892	1950
020-00190	MEYER	BERNARD		1880	1943
020-00233	MEYER			1835	1926
020-00476	MEYER	L.		1874	1913
020-00478	MEYER	CHARLOTTE		*	1909
020-00674	MEYER	DAVID	LEON	1859	1917
020-00338	MEYERS	HARRY		1887	1929
020-00613	Michelson	0	0	*	*
020-00614	Michelson	0	0	*	*
020-00722	Michelson			*	*
020-00524	Mihlman	David	S.	1906	1956
020-00453	MILLER	LOUIS		*	1917
020-00580	Millman	Frank	M.	1886	1929

020-00123	MIRSKY	JOSEPH		1883	1949
020-00644	MITCHELL	GOLDIE		1870	1955
020-00644	MITCHELL	BERNARD		1867	1940
020-00650	MOLL	SAM	H.	1852	1895
020-00452	MOORSTEIN	RAY		*	1917
020-00076	MORRIS	LOUIS		1877	1954
020-00343	MORRIS	BARNETT		1861	1928
020-00208	MORSE	LOUIS		1898	1944
020-00162	MOSKOVITZ	HANNA		1868	1940
020-00163	MOSKOVITZ	HANNAH		1868	1940
020-00060	MOSKOWITZ	MAX		1885	1947
020-00537	Munk	Albert		1891	1959
020-00404	MYERSON	ISADORE		1893	1939
020-00112	NAIMAN	ADOLPH		1885	1943
020-00113	NAIMON	EDITH		1885	1958
020-00649	NAUMANN	THEODORE		1826	1898
020-00685	Naumann	Josephine		1864	1947
020-00685	Naumann	Max		1858	1938
020-00472	NEEDLEMAN	LOUIS		*	1910
020-00275	NERWICH	HYMAN		1880	1939
020-00244	NEUMANN	ISAK		1881	1951
020-00111	NEWMAN	ROSE		1872	1943
020-00507	Newman	William		1874	1926
020-00570	Norr	Philip		1878	1958
020-00395	NOSKIN	ISADOR		1877	1936
020-00078	NOVAK	CLAIRE		*	1953
020-00318	NOVITCH	HYMAN		1883	1939
020-00525	Nuzie	Israel	D.	1878	1957
020-00525	Nuzie	Bessie	M.	1884	1974
020-00487	OBER	ELIAS		1882	1920
020-00345	OLENICK	IRVING	M.	1899	1925
020-00010	ORIAS	ANNA	ROSE	1895	1946
020-00416	ORLANSKY	COREY	DAVID	1957	1958
020-00084	PASSY	ELISA	SAUL	*	1949
020-00045	PATON	ROSE		1909	1949
020-00277	PEARCE-MORRIS	REBECCA		1871	1940
020-00300	PEARL	MOSES		1880	1955
020-00300	PEARL	ANNA	M.	1885	1964
020-00161	PENTER	ABRAHAM		1863	1942
020-00161	PENTER	SARAH	A.	1867	1936
020-00175	PENTER	ETHEL	R.	1871	1951
020-00238	PENTER	JACOB	S.	1890	1926
020-00253	PERLA	ELKA		*	1932
020-00606	PICKER	HERMAN		1879	1924
020-00607	PICKER	LESTER		1905	1930
020-00662	PICKER	HERMAN		1879	1924
020-00014	PLANT	MITCHELL		1877	1964
020-00014	PLANT	DORA	EVA	1879	1942
020-00270	POES	DAVID		1895	1940
020-00382	POLAK	BERTHA		1893	1957
020-00577	Polishuk	Samuel		1878	1952
020-00577	Polishuk	Fannie		1885	1963
020-00181	POLLACK	LOUIS		1881	1943
020-00323	POLLACK	SELMA		1891	1935
020-00383	POLLOCK	HARRY		1908	1929
020-00104	POMERANZ	ABRAHAM		*	1958
020-00105	POMERANZ	PAULINE		*	1953
020-00106	POMERANZ	ISRAEL		1898	1946
020-00556	Posner	Lillian	Smith	1916	1948
020-00566	Prager	Simon		1887	1953
020-00566	Prager	Anna		1888	1961
020-00425	PRESS	BABY		*	1949
020-00066	PRICE	SAMUEL	E.	1889	1949
020-00600	R.	Joseph		1887	1943
020-00455	RABIN	ROSE		1887	1915
020-00354	RASSIN	BESSIE		1885	1957
020-00166	RATNER	ISAAC		1875	1941
020-00167	RATNER	MILLY		1876	1945
020-00563	Rawdin	Milton		1889	1963
020-00563	Rawdin	Gertrude		1894	1955
020-00100	RAYMOR	HENRY	A.	1894	1965
020-00100	RAYMOR	BETTY	LEE	1893	1951
020-00262	RECHT	ELIZABETH		1888	1937
020-00140	REICH	DORA		1876	1950
020-00328	REIN	SADIE		1890	1934
020-00085	REINER	MAX	ARNOLD	1888	1960
020-00085	REINER	PAULINE		1895	1962
020-00315	REIS	JOE		1866	1940
020-00337	REIS	LENA		1866	1930
020-00145	RELDER	JENNIE	G.	1878	1953
020-00287	RENTSCH	HELEN	GOLDMAN	*	1932
020-00355	RICHMOND	LILLIAN		1892	1963
020-00355	RICHMOND	MYER	LOUIS	1894	1948
020-00151	RISMAN	ABRAHAM		1868	1946
020-00698	Rittoff	Benjamin		1878	1935
020-00698	Rittoff	Tillie		1880	1954
020-00698	Rittoff	Leo		1898	1990
020-00544	Rivers	Charles		1884	1949
020-00544	Rivers	Helen		1882	1966
020-00008	ROCHOCZ	WILLIAM		1886	1954
020-00365	ROE	HYMAN		*	1922
020-00540	Rose	Mollie		1874	1958
020-00540	Rose	Harry		1874	1960
020-00640	ROSE	LOUIS		1807	1888
020-00294	ROSEMBLUM	A.		*	1908
020-00294	ROSEMBLUM	ESTHER	J.	*	1913
020-00341	ROSENBAUM	ISIDOR		1843	1928

020-00565	Rosenbaum	Otto		1891	1953
020-00170	ROSENBERG	RAPHAEL		1885	1933
020-00228	ROSENBERG	JEANETTE		1893	1920
020-00437	ROSENBERG	FANNIE		1886	1945
020-00480	ROSENBERG	MAMIE		*	1913
020-00541	Rosenfield	Rebecca	L.	1890	1950
020-00699	Rosenstadt	Addie		1862	1912
020-00699	Rosenstadt	Edward		1859	1913
020-00443	ROSENSTEIN	HYMAN		1868	1920
020-00439	ROSENSTON	HENRY		*	1948
020-00125	ROSENTHAL	ISADORE		1887	1951
020-00130	ROSENTHAL	HYMAN		1883	1945
020-00130	ROSENTHAL	RACHEL		1886	1973
020-00211	ROSENZWEIG	REBECCA		1864	1945
020-00211	ROSENZWEIG	ASCHER		1866	1939
020-00011	ROSS	MARY		1862	1945
020-00411	ROTH			*	59
020-00415	ROTH	DARLENE	ANDREA	1958	1958
020-00527	Roth	Paul		1891	1957
020-00527	Roth	Ethel		1889	1982
020-00367	ROTHBART	MARKS		1862	1923
020-00303	ROTHSTEIN	REBECCA		1859	1921
020-00396	ROUSSEAU	SOPHIE		1884	1936
020-00027	ROVECH	HARRY		1885	1941
020-00532	Rovick	Morris		1878	1978
020-00532	Rovick	Sarah	Leah	1878	1960
020-00271	RUBEL	SARAH		1864	1959
020-00271	RUBEL	MAX		1858	1945
020-00379	RUBEL	LEON		1914	1928
020-00046	RUBIN	DAVID		1886	1948
020-00350	RUBIN	NATHAN		1889	1957
020-00552	Rubin	Isaac		1893	1953
020-00585	Rubin	Maurice		1894	1955
020-00669	RUDMAN	BENJAMEN		1877	1934
020-00535	Rumpf	David	Mathew	1959	1960
020-00138	RUSSCOL	DORIS		*	1947
020-00154	SABEL	JACOB		1884	1942
020-00241	SABEL	ESTHER		1888	1927
020-00373	SACHS	MEYER		1855	1927
020-00440	SACHS	REBECCA		1861	1929
020-00086	SAHFRAN	HARRY		1888	1965
020-00086	SAHFRAN	BESSIE		1888	1958
020-00436	SALUS	SELMA	H.	1889	*
020-00436	SALUS	HERMAN	D.	1889	1943
020-00171	SAMINSKY	IDA	R.	1875	1943
020-00180	SAMUELS	ABRAHAM		1902	1951
020-00272	SANDERS	MOLLIE	ESTHER	1860	1939
020-00273	SANDERS	ABRAHAM		1857	1934
020-00297	SANDLER	PEARL		1905	1955
020-00021	SAUL	MAX		1892	1945
020-00093	SCHAEFFER	SAMUEL		1883	1954
020-00327	SCHEER	JONAS	M.	1876	1934
020-00059	SCHEUER	JACOB		1889	1948
020-00376	SCHEUER	DAVID		1855	1928
020-00126	SCHIER	MOLLIE	W.	1871	1946
020-00593	Schiller	Cecelia		1865	1951
020-00594	Schiller	Laura		*	1930
020-00595	Schiller	Hannah		1969	1941
020-00615	Schiller	0		*	*
020-00616	Schiller			*	*
020-00617	Schiller			*	*
020-00633	SCHILLER	LEO	M.	1874	1955
020-00634	SCHILLER	MARCUS		1819	1904
020-00634	SCHILLER	REBECCA		1843	1921
020-00636	SCHILLER	BERTHA		1871	1956
020-00648	SCHILLER	JACOB	S.	1851	1911
020-00723	Schiller			*	*
020-00474	SCHLESINGER	JOSEPH		*	1913
020-00670	SCHLESINGER	TILLIE		1904	1918
020-00670	SCHLESINGER	LOUIS		1877	1920
020-00611	SCHLOSS	MAURICE	EDWARD	1932	1945
020-00511	Schoenouc	Sam		1856	1910
020-00072	SCHREIBMAN	REBECCA		1884	1949
020-00234	SCHREIBMAN	ABE		1885	1926
020-00073	SCHRIEBMAN	HARRY		1888	1952
020-00464	SCHULMAN	RALPH		1913	1915
020-00491	SCHULMAN	NELLIE	E.	1886	1919
020-00148	SCHULTZ	HELENE	N.	1880	1971
020-00148	SCHULTZ	LAZARUS		1877	1952
020-00188	SCHUMAN	JACOB	A.	1874	1943
020-00260	SCHUMAN	BESSIE	H.	1881	1937
020-00707	Schuman	Ruth	R.	1900	1950
020-00707	Schuman	Maurice	S.	1892	1952
020-00546	Schusterman	William		1895	1955
020-00179	SCHWARTS	SAM		1883	1942
020-00189	SCHWARTZ	HENRY		1879	1943
020-00189	SCHWARTZ	JOSEPH	I.	1912	1946
020-00286	SCHWARTZ	FREDA		1901	1937
020-00349	SEGAL	LOUIS	J.	*	1951
020-00387	SEGAL	HAROLD		1917	1930
020-00454	SEGIL	GEORGE		1863	1916
020-00389	SEIGEL	LOUIS		1879	1931
020-00082	SELIGSON	ANNE	LETVINOFF	*	1950
020-00222	SELLS	BERNARD	T.	1896	1954
020-00067	SHAPIRO	HARRY		1900	1949
020-00068	SHAPIRO	MANIA		1904	1959
020-00098	SHAPOV	ISAIAS		*	1952
020-00183	SHAPOV	JOEL		1929	1942
020-00420	SHAPOV			1927	1927
020-00143	SHARPE	BYRON		1905	1959

020-00087	SHATZ	WILLIAM		1883	1959
020-00264	SHCWARTZ	ROSA		1855	1938
020-00103	SHELLEY	GEORGE		1857	1948
020-00446	SHELLEY	RITA	ESTELLE	1920	1929
020-00447	SHELLEY	ROSE		1865	1919
020-00564	Shelley	Anna		1884	1954
020-00380	SHERLIS	SONIA	B.	1910	1929
020-00428	SHERLIS	ALECK		1888	1959
020-00428	SHERLIS	ANNA		1885	1960
020-00201	SHERMAN	MARJORIE		1910	1960
020-00517	Sherr	Evsei	G.	1882	1957
020-00357	SHIFRENSON	ABRAHAM	JOSEPH	1908	1959
020-00520	Shonberg	Rose		1897	1956
020-00521	Shonberg	Emanuel		1894	1959
020-00368	SHRIBMAN	JACOB		1920	1923
020-00567	Shulkind	Fanny		1886	1961
020-00567	Shulkind	Sol		1884	1949
020-00301	SILBERT	PHILIP	L.	1882	1955
020-00115	SILVER	SUSAN		1877	1944
020-00115	SILVER	NATHAN		1875	1949
020-00209	SILVER	DAVID	A.	1878	1941
020-00317	SILVERA	REGINA		1872	1939
020-00026	SILVERMAN	ISADORE		*	1942
020-00134	SILVERMAN	WILLIAM		1881	1946
020-00708	Silverman	Beatrice	L.I.	1909	1953
020-00193	SILVERSTEIN	LOUIS		*	1944
020-00497	SILVERSTEIN	ETTA		1882	1946
020-00215	SILVERSTONE	SARAH		1848	1938
020-00159	SINGER	LOUIS		1874	1953
020-00160	SINGER	IDA		1874	1941
020-00050	SIROTIN	LOUIS		1887	1948
020-00050	SIROTIN	LENA		1888	1974
020-00177	SIROTIN	PAUL		1919	1941
020-00549	Slatin	Alfred		1879	1950
020-00259	SLOBIN	ANNA		1882	1937
020-00174	SMITH	ROSE		*	1937
020-00210	SMITH	J.	CHARLES	1886	1939
020-00210	SMITH	MYRTLE		1876	1948
020-00251	SMITH	WOLF		*	1932
020-00677	SOLOMAN	EDWARD		1868	1959
020-00321	SOLOMON	FANNY		1884	1936
020-00378	SOLOMON	LEON		*	1933
020-00392	SOLOMON	ANASTINA		1867	1934
020-00655	SOLOMON	JACOB		1851	1898
020-00493	SOLOV	BERTHA	R.	*	1920
020-00258	SOLYMOSSY	ETIENNE		1893	1954
020-00686	Sommer	Esther		1898	1970
020-00686	Sommer	Morris		1874	1946
020-00281	SONNABAUM	JACK		1885	1943
020-00128	SORKIN	MARY		1884	1947
020-00400	SORKIN	LOUIS		1882	1938
020-00057	SPATZ	MARY		1877	1947
020-00269	SPATZ	EVA		1896	1941
020-00502	Spatz	William	L.	1880	1940
020-00090	SPECTOR	SARAH		1895	1959
020-00501	Spohr	Julia		1921	1951
020-00330	STARN	ANNIE		1864	1932
020-00283	STARR	ISADORE	J.	1896	1946
020-00356	STARR	ISIDOR		1896	1946
020-00545	Steiman	James	Curtiss "Jimmyman"	1950	1957
020-00306	STERIN	JACOB		1867	1924
020-00494	STONE	LOUIS		1883	1920
020-00124	STRAHL	IRVING		1924	1946
020-00217	STRAUSS	HUGO		1887	1935
020-00217	STRAUSS	REGINA		1888	1932
020-00245	STRAUSSBERG	JOHANNA		1847	1932
020-00245	STRAUSSBERG	MOSES		1854	1928
020-00441	STRICKMAN	SARA	SACHS	1890	1923
020-00534	Sverdloff	Adele		1877	1960
020-00235	TICK	CHARLES		1875	1925
020-00213	TILKIN	ABRAHAM		1880	1952
020-00213	TILKIN	MAMIE		1881	1962
020-00543	Tilkin	Frances		1867	1952
020-00094	TOKMAN	SAMUEL		1869	1956
020-00127	TONSKY	EMIL		1882	1946
020-00331	TONSKY	KATY		1883	1931
020-00118	ULLMAN	BELLA		1891	1955
020-00289	VAN TUYL	GRACE		*	1932
020-00721	Vayntrub	Khasia	Davidovna	1906	1993
020-00721	Vayntrub	Zakhary	Ellevith	1905	1942
020-00207	VERANS	ABRAHAM	I.	1883	1945
020-00429	VICKER	LAWRENCE	PHILIP	1948	1958
020-00322	WALLER	SAMUEL		1870	1936
020-00407	WASSERMAN	RONNA	TRACY	1960	1960
020-00572	Weening	Samuel		1909	1960
020-00114	WEIMBERG	MORRIS		1879	1944
020-00169	WEINBERGER	SIMON		1871	1936
020-00247	WEINBERGER	HERMAN		1844	1928
020-00247	WEINBERGER	NETTIE		1847	1931
020-00290	WEINBERGER	ABRAHAM	JOSEPH	*	1918
020-00290	WEINBERGER	EIDA		*	1933
020-00239	WEINGARD	ABRAHAM		1864	1926
020-00243	WEINGARD	FANNIE		1871	1923
020-00278	WEINGARD	HYMIE		1895	1941
020-00109	WEINROB	NETTIE		1866	1944
020-00025	WEISS	SOLOMON		1874	1943
020-00206	WEISS	ANNETTE		1891	1945
020-00482	WEISS	MAX		*	1893
020-00574	Weiss	Ray		1919	1948
020-00051	WEISSBERGER	SIMON		1890	1947

020-00359	WEISSMAN	DINA		1893	1957
020-00706	Weissmann	Miriam		1917	1952
020-00498	WEITZEN	BARRY		*	1934
020-00246	WEITZMAN	JOSHUA		1892	1928
020-00288	WERSANSKY	LEISER	M.	*	1927
020-00372	WESLOW	MITCHEL		1878	1927
020-00471	WESLOW	PETER		*	1931
020-00457	WIESENBERGER	DAVID		1846	1925
020-00305	WILENSKY	ISAAC		1888	1923
020-00302	WILKAWISKY	RAPHAEL		1865	1920
020-00031	WITZ	ARTHUR		1895	1954
020-00329	WOLF	SIGMUND		1906	1932
020-00679	Wolf	Joseph	R.	1840	1913
020-00679	Wolf	Rachel		1840	1909
020-00032	WOLFSDORF-GECHTER	SAMUEL	N.	1930	1951
020-00032	WOLFSDORF-GECHTER	SZULY		1900	1976
020-00668	WOLFSHEIMER	CHAS		*	1904
020-00578	Wolovnik	Alan	Jay	1952	1956
020-00132	WOOLF	ABRAHAM		1884	1950
020-00133	WOOLF	MINNIE		1893	1946
020-00408	WRITER	EDITH	ANN	1960	1960
020-00342	WURGAFT	SARAH		1883	1933
020-00576	Wurgaft	Robert	L.	1870	1947
020-00292	WYNSTON	ARTHUR	LOUIS	1873	1933
020-00481	YARFITZ	MAX		*	1916
020-00058	ZAHALSKY	ETHEL		1874	1951
020-00054	ZALL	JACOB	C.	1868	1950
020-00450	ZILBERBRAND	MYER		*	1918
020-00142	ZIMMERMAN	ETHEL	S.	1889	1948
020-00242	ZIMMERMAN	BELLA	MIRIAN	1855	1928
020-00135	ZISKIND	HYMAN		*	1952
020-00200	ZISSEN	SAMUEL		1888	1955
020-00397	ZOLOTNIZKY	KAYLA		1872	1937
020-00696	Zucker	Leopold		1883	1940
020-00696	Zucker	Berta		1887	1964

SAN DIEGO COMMUNITY COLLEGES


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ADVENTURES IN SAN DIEGO JEWISH HISTORY

Editor's Note: To create a permanent and accessible archive, we are reprinting news articles that appeared in back issues of various San Diego Jewish newspapers. You may access an index of the headlines of those articles by clicking here. You may also use the Google search program on our home page or on the headline index page to search for keywords or names.

Inside AZA
Southwestern Jewish Press, March 10, 1950, page 5

There’s not too much news this time, except that softball season will be opened soon—officially. As many of you know, San Diego AZA’s main pride and joy is its softball team. Last year, we did so well, the chapter was invited up to Oakland to represent the Southern region.  We kept on fighting right up to the finals, and it our hope that this year we may capture the crown for inter-region playing. From the looks of the team so far, we’ve got as good a chance as anybody else; so don’t be surprised if you see us going up north again.

The boys practice every Sunday at Horace Mann at about nine thirty in the morning. We’ve got a fine pair of coaches, and the team has been rated as tops. So, as I said before, if you want to see some real ball playing, come on out and watch San Diego’s contribution to sports—the AZA softball team.

That’s all for this time, so until next time, so long!


Hadassah Evening Group
Southwestern Jewish Press, March 10, 1950, page 5

The next meeting of the evening section of Hadassah will be held on March 21st at the home of Mrs. Charles Lamden, 5183 Marlborough Dr. Plans for a buffet dinner and the “Haddasah Premier” will be discussed. There will also be an interesting program.

Maxwell Kaufman was the featured speaker at the last meeting. He spoke on his experiences with D.P.’s in Europe.  Mrs. Carl Naliboff and Mrs. Leroy Cohn also gave reports onYouth Aliyah and J.N.F.

For information in regard to the next meeting please call W. 5144 or T. 9647


Jr. Pioneer Women
Southwestern Jewish Press, March 10, 1950, page 5

The noted psychologist, Dr. Wehterill, will speak before the Junior Pioneeer Women at the Cemple Center, Third and Laurel, March 14th, at 8:00 o’clock.

A membership drive will open that evening. Any woman interest in meeting a fine group of people and also interested in the cause of Zionism is invited to attend.

Call President Evelyn Hermann at W.5763 or the Membership Chairman, Slivia Bush at T.1-4349.


Birdie Stodel B’nai B’rith Chapt. No. 92
Southwestern Jewish Press, March 10, 1950, page 6

By Bess Borushek

Like all chapters of the Women’s B’nai B’rith, Birdie Stodel must first of all clear itself of all assessments due our Grand Lodge before it can begin to make plans for subscriptions to special projects such as B’nai B’rith in Israel, Hillel Library Fund, Hillel Scholarships and the Foreign Student Service of Hillel.

This last lap of our assessments will be covered by the proceeds of a luncheon and card party to be held on Mach 13th, at 12 noon at Temple Center.  General chairman of this luncheon is Sophie Himmel with Esther Cole supervising the kitchen.  It is hoped as many members and their friends as possible will attend this affair so that our goal can be reached. Please phone your reservations to Mrs. Himmel at J-2310.

“Brotherhood Week” as celebrated on the evening of Feb 27th at Tifereth Israel Synagogue by both Women’s Chapters was highly successful. The program planned by both ADL chairmen, Rose Aved of Bridie Stodel and Betty Sugarman of Bay City was stimulating and provocative.  Movies on the theme of “Brotherhood” and “tolerance” were most enjoyable and the talks of Rev. Ferguson and Rabbi Levens held the capacity audience in rapt attention.

At the board meeting held recently, plans were formulated for the installation of the new officers who will head Birdie Stodel for the next year. Ruth Aronoff will be in charge of arrangements and the date has been set for May 9th.

The time will soon be on hand when candidates will be presented for election to state and national officers.  In following the program of B’nai B’rtith’s Women’s Legislative Education, it behooves every member not only to vote but to vote intelligently by becoming better informed about these men and women who represent us bad sadly enough do not always represent our own individual opinions. Failure to vote correctly may effect your life.  No one can afford to be ignorant about matters which effect him.  Issues on Civil Rights, Housing, Schools, Minimum Wage and Displaced Persons deserve our interest and our concern.

“Adventures in Jewish History” is sponsored by Inland Industries Group LP in memory of long-time San Diego Jewish community leader Marie (Mrs. Gabriel) Berg. Our indexed "Adventures in San Diego Jewish History" series will be a daily feature until we run out of history.
  
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SAN DIEGO JEWISH WORLD: THE WEEK IN REVIEW

Monday, October 13, 2008 (Vol. 2, No. 244)

CAMPAIGN 2008
Ballot Recommendation: Let's have a 'Block vote' in 78th A.D., a San Diego Jewish World editorial by Donald H. Harrison
Thalheimer endorsement draws disagreement, letters to the editor from Marsha Sutton and Larry Gorfine
Grandfolks hep to the 'Great Schlep' by Gary Rotto in San Diego

INTERNATIONAL
Authorities try to calm Acco, rest of Israeli nation in wake of Arab, Jewish rioting by Ira Sharkansky in Jerusalem
Dogs may hate hot air balloons, but for some of us humans, they're romantic by Ulla Hadar in Sha'ar Hanegev,Israel

LIFESTYLES
Unexpected connection surfaces at simcha by Donald H. Harrison in Carlsbad, California

ARTS
1930's drama resonates in hard times by Carol Davis in La Jolla, California

ADVENTURES IN SAN DIEGO JEWISH HISTORY
March 10, 1950—Who’s New
March 10, 1950—J.C.R.A.
March 10, 1950—Labor Zionist Organization~Chaim Weizmann Branch
March 10, 1950—San Diego Bnai Brith Lasker Lodge 370
March 10, 1950 —Listen In

COMMUNITY WATCH
Jewish Family Service: Some Upcoming Activities Offered at College Avenue Senior CenterTifereth Israel Synagogue: Rabbi Rosenthal leads discussion on My Father, My Lord

Sunday, October 12, 2008 (Vol. 2, No. 243)

CAMPAIGN 2008
Why I support Barack Obama by Dennis Ross in Washington, D.C.
Ballot Recommendations: Two for the San Diego City Council, San Diego Jewish World endorsements by Donald H. Harrison

INTERNATIONAL
U.S. training potential Israel enemies by Shoshana Bryen in Washington, D.C.

JUDAISM
Did the Holocaust have a purpose? by Rabbi Leonard Rosenthal in San Diego
The trusting Hebrew women of the Exodus by Rabbi Baruch Lederman in San Diego

SPORTS
A bissel sports trivia with Bruce Lowitt in Oldsmar, Florida

ADVENTURES IN SAN DIEGO JEWISH HISTORY|
—March 10, 1950: Yo-Ma-Co Club by Lucille Weisel
—March 10, 1950:Letters to the Editor from Jackson J. Holtz and Mrs. Esther Schwartz
—March 10, 1950: Hadassah

COMMUNITY WATCH
Jewish Community Foundation—October 16 Jewish Community Foundation forum cancelled
Jewish Family Service—Great Activities Offered at College Avenue Senior Center
San Diego Jewish Academy—SDJA's Ali Tradonsky a semifinalist in national science fair competition
Tifereth Israel Synagogue—Hebrew Instruction at Tifereth Israel Synagogue

Friday, October 10, 2008 (Vol. 2, No. 242)

CAMPAIGN 2008
Ballot Recommendation: No on California Proposition 4, a San Diego Jewish World editorial by Donald H. Harrison

Marty Block, a pioneer in educational outreach, seeks 78th Dist. Assembly seat by Donald H. Harrison in San Diego

INTERNATIONAL
Pending leadership changes in Israel, West Bank and U.S. stymy Middle East progress by Shoshana Bryen in Washington, D.C.

Second intifada not officially over, but clearly it has lost almost all its steam by Ira Sharkansky in Jerusalem

Imagine, Israel without any traffic! by Judy Lash Balint in Jerusalem

SAN DIEGO
Sam Sultan was a blessing in our lives by Sara Appel-Lennon in San Diego

ADVENTURES IN SAN DIEGO JEWISH HISTORY
—March 10, 1950: ‘New Americans ’in San Diego by Julia Kaufman
—March 10, 1950:Poet's Corner: "Contented" by Abe Sackheim
—March 10, 1950:Hebrew Home for the Aged

COMMUNITY WATCH
Jewish Family Service—Thanksgiving Day Run for the Hungry benefits JFS Foodmobile, S.D. Food Bank

Lawrence Family JCC— Journalist Sheila Weller presents new book on Carole King, Joni Mitchell, and Carly Simon at San Diego Jewish Book Fair on November 6

San Diego Jewish Academy—Gabriela Stratton, originally from Chile, now directs SDJA Admissions

Wednesday, October 8, 2008 (Vol. 2, No. 241)

CAMPAIGN 2008 U.N. won't hamper U.S. defense of Israel, McCain and Obama agree during debate; by Donald H. Harrison in San Diego Ballot recommendation: Vote No on California Proposition 8; a San Diego Jewish World editorial by Donald H. Harrison RJC blasts Obama on Iran policy; by Suzanne Kurtz in Washington, D.C. NJDC ad extols Obama's energy policy; by Aaron Keyak in Washington, D.C. JUDAISM Jerusalem sights, sounds of Days of Awe; by Judy Lash Balint in Jerusalem INTERNATIONAL The Jews Down Under, a roundup of Australian Jewish news by Garry Fabian in Melbourne, Australia: —JNF briefs Australian minister on its efforts to provide environmental scholarship —Shul merger proposal on hold —Young footballer on international stage —Best & Fairest Award caps off great season —MP calls for bi-partisan support for terror conviction —Uniting Jews of the Asia-Pacific —Holiday Havoc - How it impacts on business —Yom Kippur do's and don'ts —Toben could face jail in Australia and Germany —Australia's nuclear free agenda —How elections are run "Down Under" ARTS Thursdays* With The Songs of Hal Wingard: —#295, Time To Think —#311, Father-Son Advice —#300, Medical Advice ADVENTURES IN SAN DIEGO JEWISH HISTORY —February 24, 1950: Hadassah by Mrs. Louis Bickman —March 10, 1950: ‘Keep The Miracle Alive’ Will Take $283,000 For S.D. —March 10, 1950: United Jewish Fund Rally March 21st To Hear Naval Commander —March 10, 1950: United Jewish Fund Drive {Editorial} —March 10, 1950: The Cottage of Israel {Editorial} COMMUNITY WATCH —Jewish American Chamber of Commerce: Sukkot Mixer on Thursday 10/16 @ 5:30 p.m. —Jewish Family Service: Free Transportation To Yom Kippur Services for Older Adults! —San Diego Jewish Academy: Bogomolny and Decker semifinalist in National Merit Scholarship competition

Tuesday, October 7, 2008 (Vol. 2, NO. 240)

INTERNATIONAL/ CAMPAIGN 2008
Israel handled its bank crisis much better; by J. Zel Lurie in Delray Beach, Florida

Now it's nuclear India, front and center; by Shoshana Bryen in Washington, D.C.

JUDAISM
The dramatic story of the Kol Nidre, by Cantor Sheldon Merel in San Diego, with a recording of him chanting the well known Yom Kippur melody

A stereotype in time for Yom Kippur by Rabbi Simcha Weinstein in New York

ARTS
Third Story was about three too many by Carol Davis in La Jolla, California

ADVENTURES IN SAN DIEGO JEWISH HISTORY

—February 24, 1950: Labor Zionist Organization
—February 24, 1950: Inside AZA by Leonard Naiman
—February 24, 1950: Temple Beth Israel Sisterhood by Lillian Heiman
—February 24, 1950: JCRA by Anna B. Brooks

COMMUNITY WATCH

Jewish Family Service: Free Transportation To Yom Kippur Services for Older Adults!

San Diego Jewish Academy: DeTar returns from Bronfman Youth Fellowship summer in Israel

Tifereth Israel Synagogue: Does the Torah Really Say That? - An Exploration of Midrash Agadah

Monday, October 6, 2008 (Vol. 2, No. 239)

INTERNATIONAL
Democrats, please speak up on Israel! by Donald H. Harrison in San Diego

Israel's justice ministry in disarray about what to do about the Katsav scandal; by Ira Sharkansky in Jerusalem

JUDAISM
55-year quest resumed, circle completed by Sheila Orysiek in San Diego

ARTS
Dying City juxtaposes Iraq war, and wars we fight in our homes by Carol Davis in San Diego

ADVENTURES IN SAN DIEGO JEWISH HISTORY

—February 24, 1950: S.D. Birdie Stodel Bnai Brith, Chapter No. 92
—February 24, 1950: Tifereth Israel Synagogue
—February 24, 1950: Pioneer Women (Negba) Club
—February 24, 1950: Defy Income Tax Blues

COMMUNITY WATCH

Jewish Family Service: Free Transportation To Yom Kippur Services for Older Adults!

Soille San Diego Hebrew Day School: Soille Hebrew Day preschoolers enjoyed sounds, aroma of Rosh Hashanah

Tifereth Israel Synagogue: October 11 Midrash Shabbat Program: The Ushpizin

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